Friday, 9 December 2016

Gibran Kahlil Gibran (جبران خليل جبران)



Though he considered himself to be mainly a painter, living most of his life in the United States, and writing his best-known works in English, Kahlil Gibran was the key figure in a Romantic movement that transformed Arabic literature in the first half of the twentieth century. Educated in Beirut, Boston, and Paris, Gibran was influenced by the European modernists of the late nineteenth century. His early works were sketches, short stories, poems, and prose poems written in simple language for Arabic newspapers in the United States. These pieces spoke to the experiences and loneliness of Syrian immigrants in the New World. For Arab readers accustomed to the rich but difficult and rigid tradition of Arabic poetry and literary prose, many of the forms and conventions of which went back to pre-Islamic Bedouin poetry, Gibran’s simple and direct style was a revelation and an inspiration. His themes of alienation, disruption, and lost rural beauty and security in a modernizing world also resonated with the experiences of his readers. He quickly found admirers and imitators among Arabic writers, and his reputation as a central figure of Arabic literary modernism has never been challenged.

Gibran’s reputation in the English-speaking world, on the other hand, has been mixed. His works have been hugely popular, making him the best-selling American poet of the twentieth century, but that enthusiasm has not been shared by critics. His paintings and drawings of sinuous idealized nudes belong to symbolism and art nouveau and are, thus, a survival of a tradition rejected both by American realists and European abstractionists. His English books—most notably, The Prophet (1923), with its earnest didactic romanticism—found no favor with critics whose models were the cool intellectualism of James Joyce and T. S. Eliot or the gritty realism of Ernest Hemingway. As a result, Gibran has been dismissed as a popular sentimentalist by American critics and historians of art and of literature. There are signs that this situation is changing, at least on the literary side, as critics become more sensitive to the characteristics of immigrant writing.



My father introduced me to Kahlil when I was in my early twenties when he gave me a copy of 'The Prophet' (which I have retained to this day). One particular poem made a huge impact on me and my outlook on life. It spoke to me of (return on) investment in life and in particular, of people that are so scared of being hurt, that they invest nothing; they just sit on the fence...



On Joy & Sorrow
Then a woman said, "Speak to us of Joy and Sorrow."
And he answered:
Your joy is your sorrow unmasked.
And the selfsame well from which your laughter rises was oftentimes filled with your tears.
And how else can it be?
The deeper that sorrow carves into your being, the more joy you can contain.
Is not the cup that hold your wine the very cup that was burned in the potter's oven?
And is not the lute that soothes your spirit, the very wood that was hollowed with knives?
When you are joyous, look deep into your heart and you shall find it is only that which has given you sorrow that is giving you joy.
When you are sorrowful look again in your heart, and you shall see that in truth you are weeping for that which has been your delight.
Some of you say, "Joy is greater than sorrow," and others say, "Nay, sorrow is the greater."
But I say unto you, they are inseparable.
Together they come, and when one sits alone with you at your board, remember that the other is asleep upon your bed.
Verily you are suspended like scales between your sorrow and your joy.
Only when you are empty are you at standstill and balanced.
When the treasure-keeper lifts you to weigh his gold and his silver, needs must your joy or your sorrow rise or fall.




I didn't know he was a painter until I took the time to research his journey through this life. To me, he will always be foremost a poet (with incredible insight), but I thought it appropriate to include some of his artwork considering how he viewed himself;



The Man;
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahlil_Gibran
https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems-and-poets/poets/detail/kahlil-gibran

The Book;
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Prophet_(book)

The Paintings;
http://inner-growth.info/khalil_gibran_prophet/html/galleries/gibran_gallery1.htm

Samuel Taylor Coleridge




'A vision in a dream, a fragment'

Thus Samuel Taylor Coleridge described 'Kubla Khan'. This mysterious and magical work may never have seen the light of day but for the intervention of Lord Byron, whose request to Coleridge resulted in the poem's publication in June 1816. Coleridge had always seen it as "a psychological curiosity" and indeed it is, but such a profoundly pagan and ravishingly beautiful one that, like much of the poet's work, its lines still have the power to mesmerise the psyche of the English speaking world.

'Kubla Khan' is an opium dream, partially recalled. In Coleridge's own words:
"This fragment with a good deal more, not recoverable, composed, in a sort of Revery brought on by two grains of Opium taken to check a dysentry, at a Farm House between Porlock and Linton, a quarter of a mile from Culbone Church, in the fall of the year, 1797."


And again, this time the author speaking in the third person:
"An anodyne had been prescribed, from the effects of which he fell asleep in his chair at the moment he was reading the following sentence, or words of the same substance, in Purchas's Pilgrimage (a contemporary travel book much read by Coleridge). 'Here the Khan Kubla commanded a palace to be built, and a stately garden thereunto. And thus ten miles of fertile ground were inclosed with a wall.' "


For the sake of accuracy, the actual quotation from Purchas's Pilgrimage reads as follows: "In Xamdu did Cublai Can build a stately Palace, encompassing sixteene miles of plaine ground with a wall, wherein are fertile Meddowes, pleasant Springs, delightfull Streames, and all sorts of beasts of chase and game, and in the midst thereof a sumptuous house of pleasure, which may be removed from place to place. Here he doth abide..." 


For three hours or so, his imagination fired not only by the words of Purchas, but by many other literary and travel book sources, Coleridge dreamed of two to three hundred lines of poetic images that "rose up before him as things" and when he awoke, he started to write them down. Incredibly, he was called out "by a person on business from Porlock" and on his return to his room Coleridge found he could remember little else of the dream vision.


The poem mixes images from Purchas's Pilgrimage with hints of ancient and archetypal rituals and concepts, all ordered in the kaleidoscopic manner of dreams. The River Nile (is it Alph, the sacred river?), the Empire of the Mongols, the temples of India, all combine in a sensuous vision of pagan pleasures and fertility rites - a perfect subject for expression through dance, music and the magical words of Samuel Taylor Coleridge. This then, is what he remembered...



Xanadu / Kubla Khan
In Xanadu did Kubla Khan
A stately pleasure-dome decree:
Where Alph, the sacred river, ran
Through caverns measureless to man
Down to a sunless sea...



About the man;
https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems-and-poets/poems/detail/43991
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge


About his addiction;
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coleridge_and_opium


About the poem; 
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubla_Khan

Sunday, 4 December 2016

Leonardo Bonacci



In the 12th century, Leonardo Bonacci (a.k.a. Leonardo of Pisa, Leonardo Pisano Bigollo, Leonardo Fibonacci) wrote in Liber Abaci of a simple numerical sequence that is the foundation for an incredible mathematical relationship behind phi.  This sequence was known as early as the 6th century AD by Indian mathematicians, but it was Fibonacci who introduced it to the west after his travels throughout the Mediterranean world and North Africa.
Starting with 0 and 1, each new number in the sequence is simply the sum of the two before it.
0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, ...
The ratio of each successive pair of numbers in the sequence approximates phi (1.618...), as 5 divided by 3 is 1.666..., and 8 divided by 5 is 1.60.

No need to get overly stressed-out with mathematics, irrational numbers and such. Soak in some visual goodness;

The Golden Ratio in Nature by Cristobal Vila:


 
Fibonacci, PHI, World's most mysterious number, Golden number (crap resolution, but highly educational):



I intend to highlight Mr. Da Vinci in another entry, but I couldn't resist Lisa when it came to this topic.



More food for thought;

15 Uncanny examples of the Golden Ratio in Nature:

Nature, The Golden Ratio, and Fibonacci too:

Wiki goodness:

Super math nuts only:

Maurits Cornelis Escher


A brilliant artist and mathematician. Serendipitously he entered my life age eleven; blessed at an early age you could say.
Truthfully, I cannot decide which medium I prefer his works in (woodcuts, lithographs, etchings, sculptures), but the medium is of no importance really. What he saw in his mind's eye and managed one way or the other to convey to us normal folk is important.


Hard to know where to begin with really.
Hmm, what about... Tessellation;

For Dummies (like me): http://mathforum.org/sum95/suzanne/whattess.html
For Boffins: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessellation




 
 Transmogrification;






 Perspective Exploration (saved the best for last);











Should you be interested in learning more about Mr. Escher;

Official website: http://www.mcescher.com/gallery/
Wiki goodness (oh yeah): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M._C._Escher

Saturday, 3 December 2016

Edgar Allan Poe


A legendary man, no doubt.

I stumbled upon his works through the musical genius of a band called 'The Alan Parson's Project' (courtesy of my elder brother and mentor Chris).




https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VZyNKrYo9I4
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tales_of_Mystery_and_Imagination_(Alan_Parsons_Project_album)


The Raven

Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary,
Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore,
While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,
As of someone gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door.
" 'Tis some visitor," I muttered, "tapping at my chamber door;
Only this, and nothing more."...


http://www.houseofusher.net/raven.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Raven


The Murders in the Rue Morgue

The mental features discoursed of as the analytical, are, in themselves, but little susceptible of analysis. We appreciate them only in their effects. We know of them, among other things, that they are always to their possessor, when inordinately possessed, a source of the liveliest enjoyment. As the strong man exults in his physical ability, delighting in such exercises as call his muscles into action, so glories the analyst in that moral activity which disentangles. He derives pleasure from even the most trivial occupations bringing his talents into play. He is fond of enigmas, of conundrums, of hieroglyphics; exhibiting in his solutions of each a degree of acumen which appears to the ordinary apprehension preternatural. His results, brought about by the very soul and essence of method, have, in truth, the whole air of intuition...

https://www.poemuseum.org/works-morgue.php
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Murders_in_the_Rue_Morgue

"Vampire" unearthed in Venice plague grave




What may have been an exorcism of a vampire in Venice is now drawing bad blood among scientists arguing over whether gravediggers were attempting to defeat an undead monster.
The controversy begins with a mass grave of 16th-century plague victims on the Venetian island of Nuovo Lazzaretto. The remains of a woman there apparently had a brick shoved in her mouth, perhaps to exorcise the corpse in what may have been the first vampire burial known in archaeology, said forensic anthropologist Matteo Borrini of the University of Florence in Italy.
Vampire superstitions were common when plague devastated Europe, and much, if not all, of this folklore could be due to misconceptions about the natural stages of decomposition, Borrini said. The recently dead can often appear unnervingly alive. As the corpse’s skin shrinks and pulls back, for example, hair and nails may appear to grow after death.
The remains of the woman were apparently wrapped in a shroud, based on the position of her collarbone, Borrini suggested. A corpse might appear to have chewed through its shroud because of corrosive fluids it spewed as it decayed, perhaps frightening gravediggers into thinking it was a vampire.
Vampire myths link the monsters with contagions, and the plague ran rampant in Venice in 1576, killing as many as 50,000 people, nearly a third of the city, including famed Renaissance artist Titian. The gravediggers that ran across this corpse may have wanted to prevent a vampire from ravaging the city further with pestilence, Borrini and his colleague Emilio Nuzzolese suggested in the Journal of Forensic Sciences in 2010. The “vampire” has since been discussed on Italian national TV and a National Geographic documentary.


A skeleton buried in the cemetery of Vecchiano in Pisa showing a similar condition to the purported “Venetian vampire.”

However, now other researchers are openly deriding this claim. Where some might see an exorcism, these researchers see a brick accidentally falling into a skull’s mouth.
“I find surprising that the reviewers of an important journal such as the Journal of Forensic Sciences had given permission to publish the article of Nuzzolese and Borrini with inadequate scientific evidence to support their hypothesis,” physical anthropologist Simona Minozzi at the University of Pisa in Italy told LiveScience.
To start with, photos of the site where the purported vampire was found show her remains were surrounded by stones, bricks and tiles, Minozzi said. They also note the jaws of corpses often gape open, allowing any number of items to fall in — for instance, they note a skeleton with a thighbone in its mouth was found in the cemetery of Vecchio Lazzaretto in Venice.
They also note there is no clear evidence of a shroud, as coffin walls might also explain the position of the collarbone. They add that the legend of the so-called nachzehrer, or “shroud-eaters,” were apparently tightly confined to the East German region and not Italy. Minozzi and her colleagues detailed their argument in the May issue of the Journal of Forensic Sciences.
Minozzi called the vampire idea “nonsense.” “Unfortunately, this is a common practice in the last few years in Italy,” she said. “This is probably due to the strong cutting of funds for research in Italy, so researchers seek to attract attention and money through sensational discoveries that often have little to do with science.”
Borrini and his colleagues strongly rebut the argument over their analysis. They discussed how the physical details of the site supported their interpretation in a response in the May issue of the Journal of Forensic Sciences, and that while the legend of the nachzehrer was found in Germanic areas, Venice was a crossroads during the epoch in which such legends from distant lands might have circulated.
“Regarding the criticism of my Italian colleagues, I have to admit that it’s a quite unpleasant situation,” Borrini said. “It seems that the main reasons of the interest in my research is its mass media success. Well, I want to be clear regarding this; I never looked for the media.”